Даже не знаю, в каком разделе это правильно изложить... В общем, выглядит это примерно так. После штатного выключения или перезагрузки при последующей загрузке практически каждый раз проверяется жёсткий диск, обычно раздел sda5 (/).
Выглядит это так:
$ dmesg | grep sda
[ 1.339039] sd 0:0:1:0: [sda] 976771055 512-byte logical blocks: (500 GB/465 GiB)
[ 1.339042] sd 0:0:1:0: [sda] 4096-byte physical blocks
[ 1.339088] sd 0:0:1:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[ 1.339091] sd 0:0:1:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[ 1.339115] sd 0:0:1:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 1.413528] sda: sda1 < sda5 sda6 sda7 > sda2
[ 1.414041] sd 0:0:1:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
[ 9.800694] EXT4-fs (sda5): INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem
[ 9.800698] EXT4-fs (sda5): write access will be enabled during recovery
[ 10.901048] EXT4-fs (sda5): orphan cleanup on readonly fs
[ 10.912608] EXT4-fs (sda5): 11 orphan inodes deleted
[ 10.912610] EXT4-fs (sda5): recovery complete
[ 11.009249] EXT4-fs (sda5): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[ 13.756864] Adding 2096124k swap on /dev/sda7. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:2096124k FS
[ 18.375660] EXT4-fs (sda5): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
[ 31.903999] EXT4-fs (sda6): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[ 33.599782] EXT4-fs (sda2): mounting ext2 file system using the ext4 subsystem
[ 33.609218] EXT4-fs (sda2): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: (null)
Никаких других ошибок нет, в других логах ничего, в работе никак больше не проявляется. Возникает на разных ядрах. Очень смущает то, что винчестеру три дня от роду (предыдущий заменен в ближайшее вск - периодически не монтировался / при более-менее нормальном S.M.A.R.T., гуру заподозрил, что начала сыпаться сервоинформация на диске и порекомендовал немедленно под замену) - и аналогичная проблема возникает теперь на новом винчестере.
Систему на новый HDD переносил вручную: руками разбил новый диск с выравниванием по секторам помегабайтно, склонировал раздел в раздел с помощью Clonezilla Live, затем chroot, повторная установка grub, затем update-grub. Одновременно сконвертировал раздел sda5 из ext3 в ext4, согласно мануалу
https://help.ubuntu.ru/wiki/ext4 - с проверкой fsck.ext4.
На данный момент конфигурация такая:
$ inxi -b
System: Host: linux Kernel: 3.15.1-031501-generic i686 (32 bit) Desktop: KDE 4.13.2 Distro: Ubuntu 14.04 trusty
Machine: Mobo: Gigabyte model: G31M-S2L Bios: Award version: F9 date: 12/29/2008
CPU: Dual core Pentium CPU E5200 (-MCP-) clocked at 1200.00 MHz
Graphics: Card: Intel 82G33/G31 Express Integrated Graphics Controller
X.Org: 1.15.1 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1280x1024@60.0hz
GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel G33 x86/MMX/SSE2 GLX Version: 1.4 Mesa 10.1.3
Network: Card: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169
Drives: HDD Total Size: 500.1GB (21.0% used)
Info: Processes: 217 Uptime: 8 min Memory: 1499.9/4041.0MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 1.9.17
Что касается разделов диска
$ fdisk -l
Диск /dev/sda: 500.1 Гб, 500106780160 байт
255 головок, 63 секторов/треков, 60801 цилиндров, всего 976771055 секторов
Units = секторы of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Размер сектора (логического/физического): 512 байт / 4096 байт
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Идентификатор диска: 0x0004e6e8
Устр-во Загр Начало Конец Блоки Id Система
/dev/sda1 2797568 976769023 486985728 5 Расширенный
/dev/sda2 2048 2797567 1397760 83 Linux # /boot
/dev/sda5 2799616 55228415 26214400 83 Linux # /
/dev/sda6 55230464 972574719 458672128 83 Linux # /home
/dev/sda7 972576768 976769023 2096128 82 Linux своп / Solaris
$ cat /etc/fstab
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
# /dev/sda5
UUID=b135eeaf-e16c-4b31-ba33-be8d2a68eb0b / ext4 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /dev/sda2
UUID=d18f5064-3c8e-435f-af9b-9227ebba386d /boot ext2 defaults 0 2
# /dev/sda6
UUID=5434cffe-e039-4899-9488-eb0ced0cf0eb /home ext4 defaults 0 1
# /dev/sda7
UUID=ee497823-9e0a-4228-aec4-952750799fa7 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 auto user,noauto,exec 0 0
$ mount | sort
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
/dev/sda2 on /boot type ext2 (rw)
/dev/sda5 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro)
/dev/sda6 on /home type ext4 (rw)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755)
none on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw)
none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
systemd on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,none,name=systemd)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
S.M.A.R.T. диска
$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [i686-linux-3.15.1-031501-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Toshiba 3.5" HDD DT01ACA...
Device Model: TOSHIBA DT01ACA050
Serial Number: 44HS2W4BS
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 ff9e6ae56
Firmware Version: MS1OA750
User Capacity: 500 106 780 160 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Tue Jun 17 13:13:17 2014 NOVT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x85) Offline data collection activity
was aborted by an interrupting command from host.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 3813) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 64) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 016 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 140 140 054 Pre-fail Offline - 76
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0007 100 100 024 Pre-fail Always - 185
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 7
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 005 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 067 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 120 120 020 Pre-fail Offline - 32
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 35
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 060 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 7
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 7
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 7
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0002 122 122 000 Old_age Always - 49 (Min/Max 25/51)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0008 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x000a 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 30 -
# 2 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 4 -
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 0 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
Шлей HDD менял. Есть ещё подозрение на возможно сдыхающий БП, но пока слабое. Посоветуйте, куда податься?