апдейт: когда проблема начинает иметь место kern.log начинает заполняться такими строками:
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.292546] ata4: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.316684] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/33
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.316698] ata4: EH complete
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.319058] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.319407] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] 976773168 512-byte hardware sectors (500108 MB)
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.319555] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.319559] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.323055] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x280100 action 0x6
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.323060] ata4.00: BMDMA stat 0x26
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.323061] ata4: SError: { UnrecovData 10B8B BadCRC }
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.323065] ata4.00: cmd 25/00:08:f8:00:3a/00:00:26:00:00/e0 tag 0 dma 4096 in
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.323066] res 51/84:00:ff:00:3a/84:00:26:00:00/e0 Emask 0x30 (host bus error)
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.323068] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.323069] ata4.00: error: { ICRC ABRT }
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.323075] ata4: hard resetting link
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.796546] ata4: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.820690] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/33
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.820705] ata4: EH complete
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.825407] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.825695] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] 976773168 512-byte hardware sectors (500108 MB)
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.832102] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x280100 action 0x6
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.832109] ata4.00: BMDMA stat 0x26
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.832111] ata4: SError: { UnrecovData 10B8B BadCRC }
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.832115] ata4.00: cmd 25/00:08:68:01:3a/00:00:26:00:00/e0 tag 0 dma 4096 in
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.832116] res 51/84:00:6f:01:3a/84:00:26:00:00/e0 Emask 0x30 (host bus error)
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.832118] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.832119] ata4.00: error: { ICRC ABRT }
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.832125] ata4: hard resetting link
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9938.308547] ata4: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9938.332687] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/33
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9938.332701] ata4: EH complete
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9938.340624] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9938.340630] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9938.340991] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9938.341402] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] 976773168 512-byte hardware sectors (500108 MB)
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9938.341550] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9938.341554] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9938.342023] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
а debug:
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9936.812807] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
Dec 5 18:47:19 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9937.319559] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9938.340630] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
Dec 5 18:47:20 czi-desktop kernel: [ 9938.341554] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00