Вот что получилось (копипастю все, потому что не знаю что важно):
[DBG]: xneur pid is 12474
[LOG]: Loading configuration
[LOG]: Checking configuration file version...
[LOG]: User configuration file version is OK!
[LOG]: Log level is set to Trace
[LOG]: Total detected 2 languages
[DBG]: German dictionary has 0 records
[DBG]: German proto has 1543 records
[DBG]: German big proto has 46441 records
[DBG]: German regexp has 0 records
[DBG]: Russian dictionary has 103 records
[DBG]: Russian proto has 269 records
[DBG]: Russian big proto has 19688 records
[DBG]: Russian regexp has 0 records
[DBG]: Configuration load complete
[LOG]: Default group for all new windows set to 0
[LOG]: Manual mode set to No
[LOG]: Mouse processing mode set to No
[LOG]: Education mode set to No
[LOG]: Layout remember mode set to Yes
[LOG]: Save selection mode set to Yes
[LOG]: Sound playing mode set to No
[LOG]: Logging keyboard mode set to Yes
[LOG]: Ignore keyboard layout for abbreviations mode set to No
[LOG]: Correct of iNCIDENTAL CapsLock mode set to Yes
[LOG]: Correct of two CApital letter mode set to Yes
[LOG]: Flush internal buffer when pressed Enter or Tab mode set to No
[LOG]: Don't process word when pressed Enter or Tab mode set to No
[LOG]: Show OSD mode set to No
[LOG]: Main window with id 85983233 created
[LOG]: Using locale de_DE.UTF-8
[LOG]: Keyboard layouts present in system:
[LOG]: XKB Group 'Germany' must be for 'German' language (group 0)
[LOG]: XKB Group 'Russia' must be for 'Russian' language (group 1)
[LOG]: Total 2 valid keyboard layouts detected
[DBG]: Binded hotkeys actions (mod_mask = Shift(1) + Ctrl(4) + Alt(8) + Win(64)):
[DBG]: Action "Change Last Word" with mod_mask 0 and key "Pause (Break)"
[DBG]: Action "Change Last String" with mod_mask 4 and key "Pause (Break)"
[DBG]: Action "Change Mode" with mod_mask 4 and key "Print (Sys_Req)"
[DBG]: Action "Change Selected" with mod_mask 1 and key "Pause (Break)"
[DBG]: Action "Translit Selected" with mod_mask 8 and key "Scroll_Lock ((null))"
[DBG]: Action "Changecase Selected" with mod_mask 12 and key "Pause (Break)"
[DBG]: Action "Enable Layout 1" with mod_mask 4 and key "F2 (XF86_Switch_VT_2)"
[DBG]: Action "Enable Layout 2" with mod_mask 4 and key "F3 (XF86_Switch_VT_3)"
[DBG]: Action "Enable Layout 3" with mod_mask 4 and key "F4 (XF86_Switch_VT_4)"
[DBG]: Action "Enable Layout 4" with mod_mask 4 and key "F5 (XF86_Switch_VT_5)"
[DBG]: No key set for action "Replace Abbreviation"
[DBG]: Binded hotkeys user actions (mod_mask = Shift(1) + Ctrl(4) + Alt(8) + Win(64)):
[DBG]: Init program structure complete
[DBG]: Focused window 81788939
[DBG]: Process new window (ID 81788939) with name 'Gnome-terminal' (status Processed, mode Default)
[DBG]: Store default layout group to 0
[TRA]: Received FocusOut (event type 10)
[DBG]: Focused window 48234608
[DBG]: Process new window (ID 48234608) with name 'Firefox' (status Processed, mode Default)
[DBG]: Store default layout group to 0
[TRA]: Received KeyPress (event type 2)
[TRA]: Received KeyRelease (event type 3)
[TRA]: Received KeyPress (event type 2)
[TRA]: Received KeyRelease (event type 3)
[TRA]: Received KeyPress (event type 2)
[TRA]: Received KeyRelease (event type 3)
[TRA]: Received KeyPress (event type 2)
[TRA]: Received KeyRelease (event type 3)
[TRA]: Received KeyPress (event type 2)
[DBG]: Processing word 'test'
[DBG]: [-] This word not found in any regular expressions files
[DBG]: [-] This word not found in any dictionaries
[DBG]: [-] This word has no hits for all aspell dictionaries
[DBG]: [-] This word is ok for Russian letter order
[DBG]: [-] This word is ok for Russian first letter check
[DBG]: [-] This word is ok for Russian proto of size 3
[DBG]: [-] This word is ok for Russian proto of size 2
[DBG]: End word processing
[DBG]: No language found to change to
[TRA]: Received KeyRelease (event type 3)
Что из этого интересно (мне кажется):
[LOG]: Total detected 2 languages
[DBG]: German dictionary has 0 records
[DBG]: German proto has 1543 records
[DBG]: German big proto has 46441 records
[DBG]: German regexp has 0 records
[DBG]: Russian dictionary has 103 records
[DBG]: Russian proto has 269 records
[DBG]: Russian big proto has 19688 records
[DBG]: Russian regexp has 0 records
Не знаю правда, что такое "proto", но немецкий словарь похоже пустой (да и русский с 103 словами не особо переполнен).

edit: Но в русском aspell он находит слова, например:
[DBG]: Processing word 'gjnjve'
[DBG]: [-] This word not found in any regular expressions files
[DBG]: [-] This word not found in any dictionaries
[DBG]: [+ ] Found this word in Russian aspell dictionary
[DBG]: End word processing