Вычитал, что для отображения окон X11 не нужна графическая оболочка, значит можно в консоли использовать только Wine и X11, верно?
Сделал следующее:
В VirtualBox установил 16.04 Xenial Xerus в command-line mode.
Установил Wine.
При выполнении WINEARCH=win32 WINEPREFIX=~/.wine winecfg, получил:
0009:err:winediag:nodrv_CreateWindow Application tried to create a window, but no drive could be loaded.
0009:err:winediag:nodrv_CreateWindow Make sure that your X server is running, and $DISPLAY is set correcly.
Тогда я установил X11:
apt-get install xorg
При выполнении Xorg -configure получаю лог "/var/log/Xorg.0.log":
[ 2026.385]
X.Org X Server 1.18.4
Release Date: 2016-07-19
[ 2026.789] X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
[ 2026.912] Build Operating System: Linux 4.4.0-97-generic i686 Ubuntu
[ 2027.150] Current Operating System: Linux WinePC 4.4.0-119-generic #143-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 2 16:08:22 UTC 2018 i686
[ 2027.177] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-119-generic root=UUID=f44fa725-dee7-4672-9f17-2d095b912939 ro splash quiet
[ 2027.608] Build Date: 13 October 2017 01:57:05PM
[ 2027.688] xorg-server 2:1.18.4-0ubuntu0.7 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support)
[ 2027.877] Current version of pixman: 0.33.6
[ 2028.214] Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
to make sure that you have the latest version.
[ 2028.250] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[ 2028.808] (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Mon Apr 23 22:05:16 2018
[ 2028.817] (II) Loader magic: 0x701700
[ 2028.818] (II) Module ABI versions:
[ 2028.818] X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4
[ 2028.818] X.Org Video Driver: 20.0
[ 2028.818] X.Org XInput driver : 22.1
[ 2028.818] X.Org Server Extension : 9.0
[ 2028.904] (--) using VT number 2
[ 2028.907] (II) systemd-logind: logind integration requires -keeptty and -keeptty was not provided, disabling logind integration
[ 2028.965] (II) xfree86: Adding drm device (/dev/dri/card0)
[ 2029.182] (--) PCI:*(0:0:2:0) 80ee:beef:0000:0000 rev 0, Mem @ 0xe0000000/8388608
[ 2029.475] List of video drivers:
[ 2029.662] amdgpu
[ 2029.807] ati
[ 2029.956] intel
[ 2030.098] nouveau
[ 2030.215] qxl
[ 2030.338] radeon
[ 2030.473] vmware
[ 2030.589] modesetting
[ 2030.701] fbdev
[ 2030.802] vesa
[ 2030.803] (II) LoadModule: "amdgpu"
[ 2030.806] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/amdgpu_drv.so
[ 2030.855] (II) Module amdgpu: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2030.863] compiled for 1.18.4, module version = 1.1.2
[ 2030.863] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 2030.864] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 20.0
[ 2030.865] (II) LoadModule: "ati"
[ 2030.869] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/ati_drv.so
[ 2030.893] (II) Module ati: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2030.894] compiled for 1.18.3, module version = 7.7.0
[ 2030.894] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 2030.894] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 20.0
[ 2030.894] (II) LoadModule: "intel"
[ 2030.897] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so
[ 2030.946] (II) Module intel: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2030.958] compiled for 1.18.4, module version = 2.99.917
[ 2030.962] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 2030.963] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 20.0
[ 2030.963] (II) LoadModule: "nouveau"
[ 2030.964] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/nouveau_drv.so
[ 2030.990] (II) Module nouveau: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2030.990] compiled for 1.18.1, module version = 1.0.12
[ 2030.990] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 2030.991] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 20.0
[ 2030.991] (II) LoadModule: "qxl"
[ 2030.993] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/qxl_drv.so
[ 2031.014] (II) Module qxl: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2031.014] compiled for 1.18.1, module version = 0.1.4
[ 2031.014] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 2031.014] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 20.0
[ 2031.014] (II) LoadModule: "radeon"
[ 2031.029] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/radeon_drv.so
[ 2031.069] (II) Module radeon: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2031.069] compiled for 1.18.3, module version = 7.7.0
[ 2031.069] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 2031.070] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 20.0
[ 2031.070] (II) LoadModule: "vmware"
[ 2031.071] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vmware_drv.so
[ 2032.906] (II) Module vmware: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2032.915] compiled for 1.18.1, module version = 13.1.0
[ 2032.915] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 2032.915] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 20.0
[ 2032.915] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting"
[ 2032.938] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so
[ 2032.973] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2032.973] compiled for 1.18.4, module version = 1.18.4
[ 2032.973] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 2032.974] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 20.0
[ 2032.974] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
[ 2032.976] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so
[ 2032.996] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2032.997] compiled for 1.18.1, module version = 0.4.4
[ 2032.997] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 2032.997] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 20.0
[ 2032.997] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
[ 2032.999] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so
[ 2033.002] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2033.002] compiled for 1.18.1, module version = 2.3.4
[ 2033.002] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 2033.002] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 20.0
[ 2033.056] (II) modeset(G0): using drv /dev/dri/card0
[ 2033.070] (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms
[ 2033.071] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for fbdev
[ 2033.071] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for vesa
[ 2033.307] No devices to configure. Configuration failed.
Полагаю, что X11 нужен драйвер для vboxvideo, который отсутствует в /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers
Видеоадаптер такой:
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH VirtualBox Graphics Adapter
Kernel driver in use: vboxvideo
Kernel modules: vboxvideo
Устанавливал virtualbox-guest-x11 и VBoxGuestAdditions, но без толку. Тогда распаковал VBoxGuestAdditions и скопировал оттуда все .so файлы в /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers. Запустил Xorg -configure, а он снова не видит видеоадаптер: No devices to configure. Configuration failed.